Glossary

Term	Description
802.1	A working group of IEEE standards dealing with Local Area Network.
802.1p	Provide mechanism for implementing Quality of Service (QoS) at the Media Access Control Level (MAC).
802.1x	IEEE standard for port-based Network-Access Control. It provides an authentication mechanism to devices wishing to attach to a LAN or WLAN
Broadcast	Broadcast packets to all stations of a local network.
Client	Device that uses services provided by other participants in the network.
DES	Data Encryption Standard is a block cipher that uses shared secret encryption. It’s based on a symmetric-key algorithm that uses a 56-bit key.
DHCP	Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol allows a computer to be configured automatically, eliminating the need for intervention by a network administrator. It also prevents two computers from being configured with the same IP address automatically. There are two versions of DHCP: one for IPv4 and one for IPv6.
DNS	Domain Name System is a hierarchical naming system built for any computers or resources connected to the Internet. It maps domain names into the numerical identifiers. For example, the domain name www.google.com is translated into the address 74.125.153.104.
EAP	Extensible Authentication Protocol is an authentication framework widely used by IEEE.
Ethernet	In star-formed physical transport medium, all stations can send data simultaneously. Collisions are detected and corrected through network protocols.
Gateway	Provide access to other network components on the OSI layer model. Packets which are not going to a local partner are sent to the gateway. The gateway takes care of communication with the remote network.
IEEE	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IGMP	Internet Group Management Protocol is used on IPv4 networks for establishing multicast group memberships.
IP	Internet Protocol
IPv4	Internet Protocol version 4 is the fourth revision of the Internet Protocol. Together with IPv6, it is the core of internet network. It uses 32-bit addresses, which means there are only 232 possible unique addresses. Because of this limitation, an IPv4 addresses became scarce resource. This has stimulated the development of IPv6, which is still in its early stage of development.
LAN	Local Area Network is the network that connects devices in a limited geographical area such as company or computer lab.
MAC	Media Access Control is a sub-layer of the Data Link Layer specified in the OSI model. It provides addressing and channel access control mechanisms to allow network nodes to communicate within a LAN.
MAC Address	A unique identifier assigned to network interfaces for communications on a network segment. It is formed according to the rules of numbering name space managed by IEEE.
MD5	Message-Digest algorithm 5 is a widely used cryptographic which has a function with a 128-bit hash value.
Multicast	This type of transmission sends messages from one host to multiple hosts. Only those hosts that belong to a specific multicast group will receive the multicast. Also, networks that support multicast send only one copy of the information across the network until the delivery path that reaches group members diverges. At these diverges points, multicast packets will be copied and forwarded. This method can manage high volume of traffic with different destinations while using network bandwidth efficiently.
OSI Model	Open System Interconnection mode is a way of sub-dividing a communication system into smaller parts called layers. A layer is a collection of conceptually similar functions that provide services to the layer above it and receives services from the layer below it.
QoS	Quality of Service
RADIUS	Remote Authentication Dial In User Service is an authentication and monitoring protocol on the application level for authentication, integrity protection and accounting for network access.
Server	Devices that provide services over the network.
SMTP	Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is an internet standard for email transmission across IP network.
SNMP	Simple Network Management Protocol is a protocol for managing devices on IP networks. It exposes management data in the form of variables on the managed systems, which describe the system configuration.